Red Light Therapy

Red light therapy — also called photobiomodulation (PBM) or low-level light therapy — is the intentional use of specific wavelengths of red (typically around 630–660 nm) and near-infrared (around 810–850 nm) light delivered to the skin.

Unlike the ultraviolet light that can damage skin, these longer, gentler wavelengths are non-thermal and are being studied for how they may interact with the body at a cellular level.

It is used at home through panels and handheld devices, and in wellness and recovery studios, as one supportive practice within a broader lifestyle.

Red and near-infrared wavelengths are absorbed by a light-sensitive enzyme in the mitochondria called cytochrome c oxidase. Researchers believe this absorption may help support the mitochondria in producing ATP — the primary energy currency of the cell.

This is thought to influence cellular signaling and may contribute to the way tissues respond to stress and everyday wear. Emerging evidence suggests it may also play a role in modulating inflammation and circulation locally.

Because near-infrared light penetrates more deeply than visible red light, panels often combine both wavelengths to reach the skin surface and the tissues beneath it.

Photobiomodulation is one of the more actively researched wellness modalities, with a growing body of laboratory and clinical studies exploring skin, recovery, and tissue outcomes.

Reviews suggest that results depend heavily on dose — wavelength, intensity, duration, and distance from the device all matter, and more is not always better.

Much of the research is still early-stage or conducted on small groups, so findings are best understood as promising rather than definitive. Quality varies between consumer devices.